Eficiência nutricional de diferentes biofertilizantes produzidos a partir de resíduos da Agricultura Familiar no desenvolvimento da pimenta de cheiro

Abstract

The use of alternative technologies such as biofertilizer has been recognized worldwide for being economically profitable and causing equilibrium with the environment. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional effect caused by the use of different biofertilizers produced in anaerobic environment, from residues of family agriculture in the development of pepper. The research was conducted in a greenhouse of the Federal University of Amazonas, Humaitá, AM. The biofertilizers were produced from residues acquired on family farm properties. The most consumed smelling pepper cultivar in the region was selected. For the research, a completely randomized design was used, in a 9 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The first factor consisted of seven biofertilizers and two witnesses (with and without fertilization). The second factor consisted of four application frequencies. Biofertilizer chemical composition analysis, growth characteristics analysis (plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves emitted, leaf, stem and root dry mass), and leaf nutrient contents were analyzed. All biofertilizers had low pH values. Electrical conductivity gradually increased among biofertilizers. Biofertilizer B7 provided the highest macronutriene contents. While B5 provided the highest micronutrient contents. The amounts of macro and micronutrients found in larger quantities were K and Fe respectively. The different application frequencies showed that the number of leaves emitted presented higher average in treatment B2 when submitted to 14 days frequency, not being observed significant difference between the frequencies for the other parameters and biofertilizers evaluated. The different biofertilizers showed that the leaf dry matter (MSF) and stem dry matter (MSC) values ​​showed significant differences between treatments B6 and B3 in frequency 14. There were no changes in the parameters of plant height (APL), diameter of stem (DC), number of leaves emitted (NFE), leaf dry matter (MSF), stem dry matter (MSC) and root dry matter (MSR) among other biofertilizers. The macronutrient contents of the hot pepper leaves showed that the treatments were efficient in the supply of nitrogen, potassium and magnesium, but did not provide phosphorus, calcium and sulfur in the amount recommended for the hot pepper culture, except for biofertilizer B4. at frequency 14 for the sulfur nutrient. The micronutrient contents in the smelling pepper leaves showed that all treatments at frequency 7 were efficient in the supply of copper. As well as B2, B4, B5, B6 and B7 at frequency 14; B1, B3, B6 and B7 at frequency 21 and; B3 and B4 at frequency 28. The other micronutrients had levels below the recommended for the crop, except for biofertilizer B4 at frequency 14 for the zinc nutrient.