Geração de energia elétrica a partir de resíduos sólidos urbanos nos sistemas isolados amazonenses

Abstract

Isolated Systems - SISOL, which within the scope of the electrical network are those locations that are not connected to the National Interconnected System - SIN, are mostly concentrated in the northern region of the country, more specifically in the state of Amazonas. These locations are affected for several problems, such as: energy deficit, high energy prices and large emissions of pollutants. At the same time, the wrong destination of Solid Urban Waste - RSU in the Amazonas state is a problem that still exists. Given the above, this work had for the purpose of analyzing the feasibility of generating electricity from MSW in SISOL Amazonians. For this, the MSW treatment technology was initially selected, with energy recovery, to be used in the analyses. This selection involved several parameters, such as: costs, revenues, logistics, emissions and even social parameters. The technology selected was pyrolysis. The SISOLs of the state of Amazonas were also characterized, surveying and estimating various data, such as: population, per capita income, consumption electricity, generation of RSU per capita, gravimetric composition, among others. Selected the technology to be analyzed and the data for each SISOL determined, the economic analysis under the condition of project certainty. The implementation of the project proved economically unfeasible under current conditions. However, it is noteworthy that these conditions, involve parameters that were heavily impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, such as the sale price of electricity and the dollar rate. Therefore, the sensitivity analysis, in which three scenarios were evaluated, varying three parameters: sale price of electricity, dollar quotation and taxes. Of the three scenarios, the scenario which simultaneously varied the three parameters showed an economic viability of the project in 49.5% of SISOL in Amazonas.