Material particulado fino (Mp2,5) interno de um ambiente escolar urbano influenciado pela queima de indústrias oleicas

Abstract

The fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents (black carbon – BC, metals etc) affect human health leading to several diseases. Children and adolescents are one of the major risk group for exposure to such pollutants, with increased exposure indoors such as in classroom. As a result, the mass concentration of PM2.5, BC and elementar composition was evaluated in the rainy and dry seasons in 2016, inside a classroom and outside a kindergarten and high school (Escola Estadual Isaías Vasconcelos – EEIV) at downtown of Iranduba city. Belonging to the metropolitan region of Manaus, the Iranduba city is characterized by the presence of emission sources by burning process, surch as the oleics industries. The highest mass concentration was indoor PM2,5 (13.8 μg m-3) in the dry season. The lowest mass concentration was outdoor PM2,5 in the rainy season (4.7 μg m-3). The indoor PM2,5 values demonstrated the accumulation these particles inside the classroom, with the occurrence of a value above an international norm. The BC concentration also presented the highest values in the indoor and in the dry season. However, the largest contribution of mass (10.21%) from BC to PM2,5 was to outdoor in the dry season. The highest correlation between the outdoor PM2,5 and the outdoor BC confirms the dependence between them and the influence of burning process in the region. The concentration of Fe, TI, Se, S and Ca was statistically the same between the seasons. This behavior demonstrates the presence of continuous sources for these elements. A moderate correlation (0.56) between the Se and S was obtained for the outdoor during the dry season, indicating common burning sources (fossil fuels, household waste etc). The K was below D.L. in the rainy season but it obtained high correlation with the Mg in the dry season, evidencing the influence of biomass burning in the region during this season. Thus, the study corroborate the assumption that Iranduba city is influenced by burning process and the values of indoor concentrations show that the inefficiency of ventilation in the classroom can harm the health of students with continuous exposure.