Crítica expandida: um estudo do espaço acústico da crítica cinematográfica na web

Abstract

Throughout its history, cinema has been a cultural phenomenon of great popularity. On the other hand, the changes it faces along the way are also closely linked to that culture. Likewise, film criticism studies cinema from a theoretical bias taking such transformations into account when its productions is about both filmic forms and the way film criticism is produced and disseminated. In this thesis, one sought to understand how the film criticism is configured from the use of hypertext networks on the web for its production, starting from the point of view of Comuncational Ecosystems to understand a phenomenon that presents itself in an mediatic communication environment. With such purpose, one used the concept of Expanded Cinema, coined by Gene Youngblood (2001), as a basis for studying film criticism created from these networks in their complexity. The concept of Acoustic Space, developed by Marshall McLuhan (1964, 1971, 1980), also provides the basis for thinking about the communication phenomenon in all its complexity and in a systemic way. It was elaborated an observation script for the site chosen for the empirical cut, Metacritic (http://www.metacritic.com) to perform a data collection, which took place between 3 December 2012 and 3 January 2013, in order to monitor the formation of the hypertext network of the film criticism posted on the site. The research concludes that film criticism on the web can be thought as Expanded Criticism that takes place in an acoustic space, since it is beyond a two-dimensional spatiality. The performance of the reading done by the internet user creates this expanded criticism through a haptic visuality that allows one navigate through the content. The enjoyment of expanded criticism is beyond its hypertextual nature and it is also sensory, cognitive and multimedia, implying an experience, from the ecosystemical standpoint, focused on relations.