Relação entre a não participação das aulas práticas de educação física e a coordenação motora de escolares dos anos finais do ensino fundamental

Abstract

The term Motor Coordination is defined as the ordered combination of the body's integral parts that perform harmonious movements, with the integration of muscular movements in an efficient pattern. In the school context, Physical Education is the main curricular component responsible for stimulating motor coordination. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between non-participation in practical physical education classes and the motor coordination of students in the final years of elementary school. This is a field research study with a qualitative-quantitative approach, a descriptive objective, and an applied nature, carried out at the Full-Time Educational Center of the public school system in the Municipality of Parintins in the State of Amazonas. The sample consisted of 37 students from the 8th grade of the final years of elementary school, aged 14 years, of both sexes. The instrument used was an anamnesis questionnaire to collect sociodemographic information for sample characterization. The Körperkoordinations test für Kinder (KTK) was used to assess motor coordination, comprising the following tasks: 1) Balance beam; 2) Single-leg jump; 3) Lateral jump; 4) Transfer on a platform. This study was conducted in six stages: 1) delivery of the consent form to management; 2) request for authorization from parents/guardians; 3) presentation of the project and explanation for signing the assent form; 4) observation of student attendance in practical classes; 5) application of the anamnesis questionnaire; 6) administration of the KTK test in small groups. The results of this study indicated that 32.35% of girls and 16.18% of boys did not participate in practical physical education classes, totaling almost 50% non-participation. Among the main reasons given by the girls were: Did not bring clothes for the practical class (37.50%); Does not like or does not want to participate (18.18%); I am menstruating (10.23%); I am injured (10.23%). Among the boys, the main reasons for non-participation were: Did not bring clothes for the practical class (58.82%); Does not like or did not want to participate (11.76%); I have a health problem – e.g., flu (11.76%). The results also showed that boys were mostly classified as having normal coordination (24.3%), while girls were classified as having insufficient coordination (40.0%). Not participating in class negatively influenced the single-leg jump (r = -0.359, p = 0.02), as well as the lateral jump (r = -0.416, p = 0.01) and, consequently, the QMG (r = -0.406, p = 0.01). It is concluded that, according to the results, students who do not participate in practical physical education classes have lower motor coordination than students who do participate, confirming the hypothesis that the greater the participation in practical classes, the higher the level of motor coordination