Estudo da Dinâmica de uso do solo e cobertura vegetal e elaboração de uma proposta de zoneamento para a Bacia Hidrográfica do Tarumã, Manaus-AM

Abstract

This study aimed to design a cartographic base of biophysical data on the Basin Tarumã; study the dynamics of land use and vegetation cover between the years 1988 and 2008 and finally, develop a methodology for the zoning study area based its potential for use and its vulnerability to natural soil loss. The basin has 184,046.08 acres, is formed by the rivers and Tarumã Mirim Tarumã Açú and poses serious environmental problems. This scenario motivated this work which began with the formation of a cartographic database on the area. With the aid of tools were generated geo letters of Hydrography, APP; Slope, Roads, Use and Land Cover; Conservation Units, Vegetation, and Soils. Then there was a temporal study of land tenure between 1988 and 2008, was adopted for this technique of supervised classification of Landsat - 5. Was finally prepared for the Environmental Zoning Watershed, focusing on the vulnerability to natural soil loss and the potential uses for the activities of agriculture, forestry, recreation and tourism and finally environmental recovery. In the evaluation it was noted that there are currently 7.09%, or 13,040.65 hectares without vegetation, ie, they are highly vulnerable to soil loss. In 1988 the areas covered by vegetation occupied 69.85% of the Basin, in 2008 this figure had dropped to 62.98%. In assessing the environmental zoning observed that 71409.09 hectares, accounting for 38.80% of total basin are presented highly vulnerable to loss of natural soils. Classes already use forestry, agriculture, recreation and tourism and environmental recovery amounted respectively to 13.40% (24653.90 hectares) 13.00% (23929.40 hectares) 24.86% (45754.12 hectares) and 9.94% (18,299,57 hectares). It should be noted that in 16019.15 hectares (8.70% of the area) there is a high vulnerability to natural soil loss and these areas are being misused primarily by agricultural activity which enhances the occurrence of erosion and silting of streams .