Áreas de risco e níveis de incidência da Leishmaniose Tegumentar no Brasil

Abstract

ntroduction: American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is an endemic disease in Brazil, which is among the 9 countries with the highest incidence of ACL in the world. The spatial distribution of ACL is heterogeneous and requires careful analysis in order to understand the role of space in the occurrence of the disease. Objective: to identify high- and low-risk areas of agglomeration for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in Brazil, from 2011 to 2021. Methods: ecological study, with ACL notification data in Brazil, from 2011 to 2021. The crude and standardized spatial rates of annual incidence of ACL in Brazil were mapped by municipalities of probable infection. Spatial smoothing techniques were used, through the calculation of empirical Bayesian incidence rates, presenting thematic maps grouped in the years 2011-2013, 2014-2017 and 2018-2021, with low, medium, high, intense and very intense cut-off points, referring to the incidence rate. The clusters of high and low incidence risk were detected by the Moran index. Results: The incidence of ATL is concentrated in the North Region and in the north of the Central-West Region, especially in the state of Mato Grosso. It is observed that there are no affected municipalities in the South Region, few municipalities have a low incidence in the Southeast Region and some municipalities in the interior of the Northeast Region. Conclusion: the South Region has the lowest risk of the disease, this occurs because the spread of the ATL vector is influenced by climatic, environmental and social factors