Caracterização e diagnóstico do perfil socioeconômico da piscicultura no estado do Amazonas

Abstract

The study sought to identify the socioeconomic profile of fisheries enterprises of the state of Amazonas through the data collection of the factors that influence the conduct of the activity and the prospects for future development related to the choice of strategies for the production and use of technology, surveyed in different mesoregions of the state where it is practiced. The investigations were carried out initially by collecting secondary data provided by Institute of Environmental Protection of Amazonas (IPAAM), which has registered and stored 1,382 fish farms in your database. Subsequently, to trace the profile of the fish farmers, was selected 240 projects through stratified probability sampling techniques for the application of a structured interview form intended for obtaining primary data. The form was prepared with questions that address among the topics of interest for the study: the condition on the managerial, administrative capacity, technical skills and professional competence of the producers; the importance and dependence of the activity; the degree of technical knowledge in the area, and the problems and difficulties related to the fishing industry in general. In the final phase of the study, were implemented investment analysis methods using probabilistic tests (Monte Carlo) to evaluate the acting and performance of economic feasibility, attractiveness and potential investment risks of fishing activity, considering the characteristics of the enterprises, as well as the terms of the factors most influential direct impact on your profitability (feed prices and price of fish), raised independently in the mesoregions. The results obtained show that fish farming is practiced mostly for fattening of tambaqui for commercialization purpose, held in dryland structures (ponds dug and dams) in small flooded areas and with application of semi-intensive production system. It was also observed that fish farming has been developed empirically in state of Amazonas, with little or no use of technology and technical guidance, in a model of secondary dedication with adoption of family labor to supplement income, without pretensions of investments appropriate for maximizing your financial return. Those conditions, combined to the pessimistic situation of prices, are reflected in the little economic activity income potential currently, making other sources of investment more attractive. It is suggested as measures to contribute to solution of the difficulties that can lead to infeasibility of the activity: the improvement of the infrastructure of technical support and training to producers; encouraging the spread of technologies to optimize production efficiency and adding value to the product; the strengthening of entities representatives; support for the creation of mechanisms of control, registration and evaluation of prices, in addition to strategies for reducing the cost of inputs, especially food, that possess the greatest impact on costs.