Soroprevalência de infecção por Hantavírus em indivíduos residentes de municípios do estado do Amazonas

Abstract

The Hantavirus are one of responsible for potentially deadly emerging disease in humans. These neglected agents belong to Bunyaviridae family. The Hantavirus infection occurs by direct contact or inhalation of aerosols from infected rodents secretion and excretion. In humans, this disease mainly present two clinical forms: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, prevalent in Europe and Asia, or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, prevalent in the Americas. The cardiopulmonary form is responsible for high mortality rate. Although a endemic virus in the Amazon region, there are few records of cases and epidemiological data. The aim of this study was describe the Hantavirus epidemiology in populations of Manaus, Coari and Itacoatiara municipalities, Amazonas state, showing the associated risk factors nature. Blood samples were collected from october 2014 to june 2016 and epidemiological and socio-demographic questionnaires were applied. We performed a multiple sequence alignment of nucleoprotein from Hantavirus species identified in the Amazon region. The constructed sequence was optimized for cloning, expression on bacterial system. The expressed and affinity-purified protein was used as recombinant antigen on serological tests patterning for antiHantavirus IgG antibody detection, as enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmation by Dot Blot. The generated S segment was confirmed through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that protein has greater proximity to current Hantavirus species in Amazon and South America. We examined 1,419 samples, distributed across Manaus (n=713), Coari (n=642) and Itacoatiara (n=65). We found a global prevalence of 11,35% (161 seropositives) and relative prevalence of 6,6% (47), 16% (103) e 17% (11), in Manaus, Coari and Itacoatiara, respectively. The more relevant epidemiological findings are related to municipality, females, older age group, low socioeconomic status, occupation (agricultural and forests), ancient or recent history of farming work, food crop maintenance, grain storage, presence of rodents in dwelling and/or workplace and no sewage. We concluded the prevalence found was greater than in previous studies fulfilled in Amazonas and associated risk factors were pertinent in the populations. The presented data in this inquiry were relevant and will contribute to greater understanding of Hantavirus distribution in amazon biome.