Estudo metabolômico do gênero Copaifera - Fabaceae

Abstract

The copaibeiras, as they are known to the species of the genus Copaifera (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae), are much appreciated in folk medicine and phytotherapy, especially for the use of copaiba oil-resin, which has therapeutic properties, as well as the leaves teas and barks of copaiba. by the traditional populations of the Amazon and the Brazilian savannah.. Although the genus Copaifera is widely studied phytochemically and pharmacologically, mainly due to oil-resin, the search for new pharmacological resources is still limited to a few species, such as the endemic savannah Copaifera langsdorffii, studies are mainly directed to the leaves, as well as others. Vegetable parts (barks, branches, seeds and flowers) are the subject of little or no research. Therefore, the non-directed metabolomics sought, through the UHPLC-HRMS technique, to qualitatively analyze the largest number of detectable metabolites in the study material and to establish similarities and differences by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The objective of this work was to explore and describe the characteristics of the metabolome of the main species (C. langsdorffii Desf., C. multijuga Hayne, C. trapezifolia Hayne, C. lucens Dwyer e C. venezuelana Harms & Pittier) of the Copaifera genus. With the help of reference standards, MS2 spectrometric data, data from the scientific literature and virtual databases HMDB and MoNA, the metabolic profiles of species were investigated. 47 metabolites were detected among various metabolic classes, such as benzoic acid and cinnamic acid derivatives, fatty acids, diterpene acids, aglycone flavonoids, glycosylated flavonoids, a phenolic glycoside, galloylquinic acids and condensed tannins. PCA observed a strong distinction in the metabolic profile between the leaves and bark extracts of Copaifera species. The leaves were distinguished mainly due to the presence of di- and tri-substituted galloylquinic acids and glycosylated flavonoids (quercetin and canferol derivatives) and in the barks were detected mainly condensed tannins (catechin derivatives) in the dimer and trimer forms. . The branches showed intermediate chemical composition between the leaves and bark, mainly due to the proximity and extension between the plant organs. The seeds and flowers of C. langsdorffii presented different chemical compositions in relation to the other vegetal organs, they are compositions with unique organ characteristics and need more phytochemical attention. It was concluded that the UHPLC-HRMS non-directed metabolomic approach is an excellent metabolic exploration tool that enabled the metabolic profiling and the detection of 47 metabolites in the plant organs (leaves, barks, branches, seeds and flowers) of species and by PCA the metabolites were mapped and the galloylquinic (di-, tri-substituted) acids were indicated as leaves biomarkers and the condensed tannins (dimer and trimer) of the barks of species.