Processos de resiliência, fatores de risco e proteção na vida adulta de mulheres manauaras que sofreram abuso sexual na infância

Abstract

Sexual abuse committed against children and adolescents is strongly influenced by historical decisions and the trajectory of humanity, marked in macro-time, resulting in the naturalization of transgressions of rights, especially of children and adolescents, and in the impunity of perpetrators. Considering the need to deepen knowledge involving the processes of resilience in the adult life of women from Manaus who suffered sexual abuse in childhood, the present work intends to understand the repercussion of sexual abuse that occurred in the childhood of adult women and the implications in their life courses, identifying the risk and protection factors present in the systems of belonging and the resilience processes experienced by these women. The theoretical basis chosen to guide this work was the Bioecological Theory of Human Development BTHD, having as precursor and mentor Urie Bronfenbrenner, which points to the understanding of development from four axes process, person, context and time PPCT. This study is characterized by an empirical, exploratory and qualitative research. Five women assisted at Cáritas Archdiocese of Manaus were interviewed. The results point to a reality where victims of sexual abuse suffer from the repercussions of previous processes located in macro-time, which operate in their daily lives and interfere in the character of microenvironment relationships, both by reproducing ideologies and by macrosocial beliefs and values. The clinical and behavioral symptoms arising from the intense suffering caused by the history of sexual abuse in childhood, regardless of the amount, frequency and type of sexual abuse, the impacts generate serious damage and interfere with the life cycle of the victims, and may produce self-destructive behaviors, low self-esteem, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, even having experienced significant impacts of sexual abuse and other adverse events in their lives, women showed prompt progress to move forward, overcoming the deleterious effects caused by sexual abuse.