Esfron e as estratégias de segurança pública na Tríplica Fonteira: Brasil, Colômbia e Peru

Abstract

Currently, issues surrounding the borders of National States are at the center of international discussions. What is perceived is that these artificially created legal entities, concomitant with the emergence of the Modern National State in the eighteenth century, are becoming more rigid in the sense of hampering the free movement of people. It was imagined that, with the implosion of the socialist world and the rise of the regional economic blocs, the borders would tend to disappear. However, recent events have shown that these theories, spread mainly by large international corporations, did not remain solid after the first refugee crisis headed toward the old continent. Suddenly, fences and walls began to rise in an attempt to prevent the passage of refugees moving to the center of European Union territory. Xenophobic discourses, attempts of territorial section of countries around the world, have proven the importance of maintaining territorial unity and its borders. With respect to the Brazilian territory, the central government created specific programs for its external borders, contemplating the joint work of the different actors of the border, as well as sharing responsibilities with the federated entities that have frontier borders in their territories (states and municipalities). With regard to the State of Amazonas, the State Strategy for Public Security at Frontiers (ESFRON) was created, when this state became associated with ENAFRON. This dissertation is divided into four chapters, complementary to each other. The first chapter will deal with the emergence of National Borders from the creation of the Modern National State, based on the signing of the Treaty of Westphalia, as well as the return of the border discussions that is currently taking place. The second chapter will discuss the formation of the external borders of the Brazilian State and its implications on the national territory. The third chapter will discuss the ENAFRON program, created by the federal government to bring together efforts to combat crimes that occur along the borders of Brazil, but which affect society as a whole. The fourth chapter will explain the adhesion of the State of Amazonas to the federal program, creating, from this agreement, the State Strategy Program on Public Security at the borders, as well as its operations in the region of the Triple Amazonian border between Brazil, Colombia and Peru.