Avaliação de micronúcleos na mucosa oral de pacientes com desordens potencialmente malignas expostos a agentes carcinogênicos: uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise

Abstract

Micronucleus test is a minimally invasive cytogenetic approach for assessing genotoxicity in epithelial cells. This approach has been used to assess the frequency of micronuclei in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), considering that these disorders may precede oral squamous cell carcinoma. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of micronuclei (MNF) and micronucleated cells (MNC) in patients with OPMD exposed to carcinogenic agents. Based on the guideline of PRISMA a systematic review was performed (PROSPERO (CRD42020222509). An electronic search was carried out in June 2021 and included observational studies. Studies that investigated patients with OPMD (leukoplakia - LKP, erythroplakia - ETP, oral lichen planus - OLP, oral fibrous submucosa OSMF, and actinic cheilitis) exposed to tobacco and tobacco-related substances were included as eligibility. Eighteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis of which thirteen were included in the meta-analyses. A total of 995 individuals with DMP were included. OSMF was the most studied DPM, followed by LKP and OLP. MNF was higher in patients with LKP (p<0.00001) and OSMF compared to chewers without lesions (p=0.003) and non-chewers (p=0.005) when the dye was specific for DNA. When the dye is nonspecific, the MN count was also higher in OPMDs compered to non-chewers, including LKP (p<0.00001) and OSMF ((p=0.02). MNC was higher in patients with OSMF using areca nut (p<0.00001) or tobacco mix compared to non-chewers (p=0.03), regardless of the specificity of the dye. t is concluded that patients who consume tobacco-related substances and areca nut have a significant increase in micronucleus counts in OLK and OSMF when compared to non-chewers.