Entre ruas, calçadas, praças, praias, mercados, feiras e jardins: A limpeza urbana de espaços e logradouros públicos de Tefé e Coari – Amazonas

Abstract

The Amazon is a region that lacks many studies and research, because it has a singularity and diversity that differentiates it from other regions of Brazil. Whether they are social, economic, environmental or cultural specificities, the problem of urban cleaning, although universal, is particularly present in the cities of Middle Solimões. The urban space is changing and the agents that produce space are important in this process. The State, the workers and the people influence the daily life in which Tefé and Coari are inserted. From the changes in the urban space, several problems are aggravated, examples of this are the garbage and the urban cleaning in the cities. In this sense, this research proposes to evaluate the cleanliness in the public spaces and public areas of Tefé and Coari, in order to understand the performance of the municipal public power in relation to the National Basic Sanitation Policy (11.445/2007) and the National Solid Waste Policy (12.305/2010), as well as other plans and policies. In this context, urban cleaning fights pollution with the aim of contributing to health, environmental quality and social well-being. Thus, besides describing how the urban cleaning is done and who are the agents that perform it in the different activities, there is the discussion, in this research, of the problem of the dumps in cities in the Amazon. It is known that these problems are due to, among other factors, industrialization, which has spread throughout the globe, including in cities located in Solimões, as well as the contribution of the neglect of administrations and public authorities. From the industry, there is high consumerism, high generation of solid waste and unrestrained pollution. In addition, the existence of open dumps, the absence of selective collection in the neighborhoods and the poor urban cleanliness allied to the inadequate garbage disposal sites, which are likely to attract vectors of diseases such as rats, cockroaches, dogs, cats, flies, mosquitoes, among others, contribute to the increase of pollution. In this way, the categories of analysis, landscape, territory and social space - give way to understand the reality of the cities under study. Quantitative, qualitative, historical and comparative methods form a group that interconnects and guides the explanation of the reality under study and its different dimensions. Thus, the bibliographic study and the field research were necessary techniques for the development of this research, since it was from these that one can arrive at the confrontation between theory and reality and vice versa, with the intention of reaching the proposed objectives. The results obtained indicate that urban cleaning needs to be effective, "investments" and strategic planning; public spaces need maintenance; and cleaning workers need to be valued by the municipality.