Análise da exploração florestal de espécies nativas na Amazônia Ocidental

Abstract

The timber industry has contributed increasingly to the economy and shown itself as an important and promising economic activity. In Brazil the activity gains greater importance due to the country’s reserves of tropical forests internationally recognized as the world's largest ones. Although the region’s abundant forest assets that offer huge potential for sustained timber forestry, increased deforestation is observed. In an attempt to curb the illegal exploitation and stop deforestation, the government developed an electronic control mechanism of forest products and by-products, which served as a primary source of information in order to diagnose the forest sector in the Western Amazon, between 2007 and 2013. Important results for forest management stand up such as: 1) relevance of small farms; 2) predominance of projects in areas not subject to flooding with an incidence of at least 3 dry months; and 3) greater inclination of municipalities to deforestation profile at the expense of forest production. For clear-cutting activities, it was observed: 1) greater relevance of small farms; and 2) concentration and importance of the activity in Roraima and Acre states. As for the wood consumption, it is shown the importance of municipalities member of intermediate and old logging frontiers, and the preference for woods with characteristics very similar in density and destination of use. Finally, it is concluded that the forest management activity showed a growth of up to 2.71 times during the study period, while clearing activity decreased up to 13.31 times in the same period. Properties with up to 500 ha were more representative for both activities. Most forest management projects are located in regions with at least three dry months. The cities examined are often more inclined to deforestation, rather than timber production from forest management. Forestry activities were located near the transport infrastructure, whether natural or constructed. The assessment of similarity demonstrated the formation of clusters consisting mainly by municipalities in the same state.