Análise comparativa de óleos essenciais e extratos de cinco variedades da espécie Aniba rosaeodora Ducke (Lauraceae)

Abstract

Understanding the taxonomic differences of species is of paramount importance for many areas of science. Although very effective, the morphological evaluation of species is often not effective for the differentiation of species of the Aniba genus. Certain plant species have (because of the closest phylogenetic) small morphological differences causing conflict in the botanic identification of specimens. One of these complex families is the Lauraceae which is divided into 50 genres. Among these genres, Aniba stands out for having 44 species divided into two groups: affinis and guianensis, the latter being further separated into four subgroups. The panurensis subgroup is remarkable for its economic importance and include species with greater difficulty in botanical identification for this genre. This study aimed to carry out a chemical differentiation among the five varieties of Aniba rosaeodora Ducke (“rosewood”), aiming the great difficulty taxonomic, the risk of extinction and the continued use of this specie by the perfume industry. Five varieties of rosewood were selected from a commercial plantation in the Maués-AM city. The profile of the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves, twigs and barks and the alkaloid fractions of leaves and twigs were obtained by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and the composition of essential oils from leaves and twigs by gas chromatography (GC-MS and GC-FID). The correlations among the data of the extracts obtained by the statistical analyzes (PCA and HCA) allowed the classification of samples into three groups. The imbaúba variety represents the group one, the louro represents the group two and tucuribá, abacate and preciosa represent the group three. The analyzes of essential oils also allowed grouping the samples into three groups, imbaúba, tucuribá, abacate and preciosa varieties were the group one and the louro variety was divided into two groups. This study allows us to infer that all the varieties, except the louro are chemically similar and paves the way for the development of identification and certification methods of rosewood.