Perfil microbiológico e de resistência bacteriana no pé diabético infectado

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot is characterized by a series of specific clinical presentations (ischemia, neuropathy, infection) affecting the lower limbs of patients with diabetes mellitus. It is a pathology that leads to an elevated amputation rate, with high rates of complications and even mortality. The clinical classification of severity and the knowledge of the microbiological profile in our geographic region would be of great importance to help develop and implement local guidelines for the treatment of infected diabetic foot ulcers. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic profile, microbiological profile and bacterial resistance in patients with infected diabetic foot ulcers. METHOD: This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study evaluating the socio-demographic and microbiological profile of patients with infected diabetic foot hospitalized in a reference hospital in the city of Manaus-AM. Sociodemographic data were collected through a direct interview with the patient. During surgical procedures, deep tissue fragments of infected foot lesions were collected from patients with diabetes mellitus for culture and antibiogram. RESULTS: The most prevalent sociodemographic profile was of patients over 50 years of age, married, with low schooling and from the city of Manaus. In the cultures, there were predominant germs of the Enterobacteriaceae family (51.5%). Gram-negative germs were isolated in 60.0% of the cultures and the most individually isolated specimens were Gram-positive cocci, Staphylococcus aureus (20.0%) and Enterococcus faecalis (17.9%). Considering the profiles of bacterial resistance, a high rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (63.0%) and ciprofloxacin (55.5%) was found, and it was found that 43.5% of Gram-negative germs were resistant to ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS: The major sociodemographic profile was that of men, over 50 years of age, married, with low education and coming from Manaus. We concluded that the most prevalent germs in foot lesions of diabetic patients of this study were Gram-negative germs resistant to ciprofloxacin and the most individually isolated germs were methicillin-resistant S. aureus.