Experiência étnica Omágua-Kambeba afirmada em contexto histórico, territorial e cultural da aldeia Três Unidos

Abstract

This dissertation examines the "Omágua-Kambeba ethnic experience" in the Três Unidos village, analyzing ethnopolitical mobilizations to achieve recognition of their ethnicity and guarantee of rights, as well as the strategies employed to reach this goal. The ethnographic research was conducted by the researcher, who is also a member of the Omágua-Kambeba people, and involved a theoretical dialogue with various authors such as Philippe Poutignat, Jocelyne Streiff-Fenart, Frederick Barth, Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira, Ingrid Weber, among others. Fieldwork included observation, listening, and recording, following Roberto Cardoso de Oliveira's approaches. The importance of personal experience and collective memory in the research and anthropological reflection process is emphasized, where the researcher acknowledges his "privileged position" as a community member and uses his ethnic experience and collective memory as resources for anthropological research. Furthermore, the research interacts with various agents in the Três Unidos village, including leaders of the indigenous movement, teachers from the Kanata T-ykua School, and young Omágua-Kambeba individuals. These are considered theoretical authors in this work who engage with others in a symmetrical field. Interactions took place through interviews, document analysis, and interpretation of ethnographic materials. The dissertation addresses the context of interethnic relations dynamics in Brazil, highlighting how indigenous peoples, in the case of the Omágua-Kambeba in the Três Unidos village, develop ethnic affirmation strategies to secure their constitutional rights. The need for ethnic recognition is emphasized as a condition for accessing essential public policies, such as health and education, observing to what extent these strategies shape their social relations for the benefit of the community and how much they are reinterpreted. In this sense, ethnicity is a process of mobilizing ethnic identity in a situational context, optimizing culture in response to historical policies of cultural extermination, territorial struggle, as well as an organic agency in the historical process of the Omágua-Kambeba.