Diversidade genética em taperebazeiro (Spondias mombin L., Anacardiaceae)

Abstract

The yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) is a fruit which belongs to the family Anacardiaceae and it has a wide geographical distribution. It presents economic and social importance and it is widely used by the industry for making juices, popsicles, ice cream, jams and liqueurs. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity within and among populations of S. mombin. The analysis was performed with molecular markers AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) in three populations located in the city of Manaus, Amazonas State: Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), Vila Buriti (VLB) and the Executive Committee of the Cocoa crop Plan (CEPLAC). 10 combinations of oligonucleotides were tested, and four selected for this analysis: E + AAC / M + CAT, E + AGT / M + CTC, E + AAC / M + CTC, E + AGT / M + CAT. The oligonucleotides revealed 283 polymorphic loci, ranging from 97.2% to 63% among populations. The Fst (genetic differentiation between populations) figured was 0.52, showing a high level of genetic differentiation among the populations. The result of Analysis of Molecular Variance attributed 52.8% and 47.1% of the variation among and within populations, respectively. The dendrogram based on AFLP markers revealed the formation of two groups, the natural, UFAM and VLB, and CEPLAC group, which is a population enriched with planting. The AFLP markers are efficient to detect genetic diversity in S. mombin and differentiate populations of different constitutions. Most of the genetic variability occurs between populations.