Estudo comparativo dos diferentes componentes da esponja Dulciaqüícola Drulia Uruguayensis Bonetto & Ezcurra de drago, 1968 (porifera: metaniidae) na indução de zoodermatose experimental em camundongos.

Abstract

Sponges are filters animals fixed in stones submerged and/or on branches of trees in places of periodical floods. The freshwater poriferans, known in the Amazon region as cauixi, cauxi or cauí, are reported from the beginning of the twentieth century as causing of dermatosis. Differently from marine sponges, which are studied in a such relation to their biological properties, the chemistry of sponges freshwater in the Amazon region, are not known, this way this gap still open to research. With the objective to define which part of the poriferan is causing the dermatological reaction, it was done an experimental study using three forms of tillage freshwater sponges (sponges undamaged, macerated and the isolated spikes). To perform the experiment was used the freshwater Sponge Drulia uruguayensis. The experiment was divided in two stages: The first one, was to determined the kinetics of dermatosis caused by sponge (using a macerating sponge), obtaining as control, a hypoallergenic microporous plaster; as second action, were tested the other two forms of process: full sponge and isolated spikes using the schedules 2, 4 and 12 hours came from kinetics. The cells of common action in an inflammatory reaction (mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils) more intra-epithelial lymphocytes and degranulated mastocytes, were counted, to serve as a parameter, in order to determine which of the forms of trim induced a higher reaction of sponges. Histopathological studies evaluated the effects of the sponge in the tegument. The results obtained by ANOVA, showed that the full sponge caused more inflammatory reaction (p = 0.000005) stimulating mainly, the mastocytes (p = 0.0018). The Histopathological analysis showed small loss of continuity of the epidermis in applications with isolated spikes and full sponge, and streamlining in the application with macerating sponge besides the mild thickening on the epidermis in the plaster control. These studies allow to deduce that, in a first contact, a full structurally sponge, may cause major inflammatory reaction by its capacity to cause drilling in the skin and allowing the entrance of inflammatory agents. The macerating sponge, does not achieve bore the tegument, caused streamlining of the epidermis with lower inflammatory reaction, possibly by containing rigid fragments and possible by unknow chemical process. The isolated spikes, cleaned and autoclaved, do not cause dermal reaction resulting the activity in a restricted mechanical action. The studies suggests the using of undamaged sponges, cleaned and autoclaved to verify the maintenance of the capacity to induce dermatosis, beyond the use of the other parts of sponges to verify the participation of these components in the inflammatory reaction.