Tratamento farmacológico e qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS

Abstract

Advances in drug treatment have increased the survival of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), significantly improving mortality rates and life expectancy. However, antiretroviral therapy (ART) has many unwanted effects, which can compromise the effectiveness and safety of treatment. Non-adherence to treatment increases the chance of virological failure, decreasing the recovery of CD4+ T cells, increasing the viral load and, consequently, the possibility of death. Quality of life takes on a fundamental role in the assessment of the clinical status of PLWHA, as it can represent a significant factor influencing even the adherence and continuity of treatment. Pharmaceutical Care is a clinical practice that aims to continuously monitor and evaluate the patient's pharmacotherapy, with the aim of improving health outcomes. The general objective of the study was to evaluate the pharmacological treatment of people living with HIV/Aids under antiretroviral therapy, assisted in a Health Unit in the city of Manaus-AM, aiming to qualify the level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy, as well as the quality level of life. This is a prospective, descriptive and longitudinal study, carried out with people living with HIV/AIDS under antiretroviral therapy, followed up and linked to a health unit in the municipality of Manaus. The research participants were selected by temporal convenience (spontaneous demand in the service), for which general information was collected in a questionnaire and applied the Morisky-Green Treatment Adherence Measurement Test of 6 questions and the HAT-QoL questionnaire of 42 questions in 9 domains related to quality of life, in addition to the collection of TCD4+ lymphocyte counts and viral load in the medical record. 167 people participated, 65.87% male and 84.43% brown. About 48% studied from 8 to 11 years and around 30% studied 12 years or more. Age ranged from 18 to 73 years (mean 35.9). The study found that social and structural factors such as sexual activity, confidentiality concerns, health concerns, financial issues and HIV awareness are important predictors of health-related quality of life. It is concluded that 67.1% of participants had a result of average adherence to drug therapy. Patients with an undetectable viral load, a total of 86%, had TCD4+ lymphocyte count ≥350 cells/ mm3 and underwent the therapeutic regimen with Dolutegravir 50mg+Tenofovir 300mg+Lamivudine 300mg. In short, it is understood that adherence to pharmacological treatment and quality of life influence the results of laboratory tests for CD4+ lymphocytes and viral load, when the CD4+ lymphocyte count is below 200 cells/mm3 of blood, that is, the immune system is pretty compromised. Therefore, adherence to antiretroviral therapies provides a significant control of the viral load, TCD4+ lymphocytes, thus bringing a benefit in the treatment, prevention of opportunistic diseases and, consequently, in the quality of life.