Caracterização morfofisiológica e anatômica de folhas de dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), de caiaué (E. oleifera (Kunth) Cortés) e híbrido interespecífico (E. guineensis x E. oleifera) nas condições da Amazônia Central

Abstract

The breeding programs have explored African oil palm interspecific hybridization with American oil palm aiming to obtain interspecific hybrids as productive as the oil palm, resistant to pests and diseases, especially the But rot (AF), and best quality oil and reduced growth rate of the vertical stem, features presented by American oil palm. However, there is little knowledge of the behavior ecophysiologic of these species in the Amazon conditions. This work was developed with the aim of characterizing the physiological behavior, characterize the biometrics and the anatomy of the leaves of African oil palm, Amercian oil palm and interspecific hybrid plants. The work was developed at the Urubu Center Experimental (CERU) and Embrapa Western Amazon. This research is divided into four experiments. For the parameters of leaf anatomy was used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and 10 repetitions, the data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were compared by Tukey test (p <0.05). For gas exchange parameters was used CRD with three treatments and four replications, data were submitted to ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey test (p <0.05). To estimate the parameters of pigment content chloroplastid CRD was conducted in the data submitted to ANOVA with three treatments and four replications (leaves) and means were compared by Tukey test (p <0.05). For biometric parameters of leaves was conducted in CRD with three replications and 15 treatments, the data were submitted to ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey test (p <0.05). The results of anatomy of the species showed characteristics similar to epidermal cells and functional multidimensional, stomata are presented on both sides of the leaf and the type tetracytic, however palm oil showed the highest stomata and greater stomatal index, on the other hand, quantification of leaf tissue was American oil palm who had higher tissue because HIE was intermediate in the study of these variables. In regard to the physiological parameters, palm oil was the most affected by adverse environmental conditions, a significant when compared to the literature, on the other hand American oil palm who has the highest rate of photosynthesis presenting an option future work aiming at the identification of superior materials . The content of photosynthetic pigments, oil palm was the one who showed the highest levels in their leaves, however, has not meant higher photosynthetic rate, which reinforces the hypothesis that this species was saved energy when conditions are shown adverse. Biometrics was also American oil palm who had the highest leaves, coupled with good feature that physiological performance can be a good reference for identifying superior materials, seeking individuals adapted to our region with good production.