O processo de repartição de benefícios, acesso ao patrimônio genético e ao conhecimento tradicional associado na região do Médio Juruá, no estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Abstract

The theme of Benefit Sharing, Access to Genetic Resources, and Traditional Knowledge is at the heart of the discussion on socio-biodiversity governance, and it is of vital importance to communities that directly depend on these resources for their livelihood and well-being. The main objective of this research was to analyze the governance of socio-biodiversity in the Middle Juruá territory and to understand the Benefit Sharing process resulting from access to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge. To achieve this goal, a diversified methodological approach was used, including literature research, semi-structured form application, and conducting open interviews. These tools allowed for a deep and contextualized understanding of the situation in the Middle Juruá. The research results in the Bauana and São Raimundo communities highlighted the rich local biodiversity and extensive traditional knowledge of the communities. These communities are abundant in biodiversity; the local inhabitants in this region have an intrinsic relationship with the local biodiversity, sustainably harnessing natural resources for productive activities. Among the most mentioned species are andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.), murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru Mart.), and (Virola surinamensis (Rol. ex Rottb.) Warb.). Furthermore, it was identified that productive activities in the region are diversified and focused on the sustainable use of natural resources, including flour production, extraction of vegetable oils, and managed fishing. The implementation of the Benefit Sharing protocol and the establishment of the Middle Juruá Territory Forum aim to enhance the use of natural resources, preserving biodiversity and generating benefits for local communities. They emerge as crucial mechanisms for promoting inclusive, participatory, and transparent governance. These mechanisms ensure that the benefits of conservation and sustainable use of natural resources are fairly shared among all involved parties. This research represents an important step in understanding and improving socio-biodiversity governance processes, ensuring a sustainable future for the Middle Juruá communities.