Desempenho zootécnico, parasitologia branquial, hematologia e histologia hepática de Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) alimentado com produto homeopático

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Homeopatila 100® on growth performance, blood and structural parameters of Colossoma macropomum as well as efficacy against parasites of gills. 300 fingerlings tambaqui with 42.7 ± 3.1 g and 12.0 ± 0.5 cm were fed meal containing 20 ml alcohol solution (Control), 20, 40 and 60 mL of Homeopatila 100® per kg feed during 60 days. Initial and final weight and fish length, weight gain (GP), daily gain (GDP), specific growth rate (TCE), feed conversion rate (CAA), relative condition factor (Kn), hepatosomatic index (IHS), number and percentage of hepatocyte glycogen were determined. After 60 days of feeding, final length and weight were different from the original and there was 100% survival of fish from all treatments. Fish fed with 60 mL Homeopatila 100®/kg diet had lower GP and TCE and increased CAA in relation to controls. The fish had gills parasitized by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare (Protozoa), Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis, Mymarothecium boegeri and Linguadactyloides brinkimanni (Monogenoidea), but no difference in the prevalence and abundance of these parasites among control fish and fed with 20 and 40 mL of the homeopathic product. However, abundance of these parasites was higher in fish treated with 60 mL of homeopathy, except L. brinkimanni, and only such fish had infection of Piscinoodinium pillulare. Only the fish fed with 20 and 60 mL Homeopatila 100®/kg diet had a higher hematocrit and increased cell volume (MCV), while the levels of plasma protein, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell number and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were not affected by treatment with Homeopatila 100®. Different concentrations of Homeopatila 100® did not affect the percentage of IHS and liver glycogen, but 40 mL of the product reduced the number of hepatocytes. Therefore, the homeopathic complex used did not influence the performance nor reduced levels of parasitic infection, but showed a relative improvement in immunity in fish fed with 40 mL.