Abordagens metodológicas que favorecem a construção da autonomia intelectual do estudante: o trabalho com simulação das Nações Unidas na escola

Abstract

"Methodological approaches that favor the construction of the student's intellectual autonomy: working with simulation of the United Nations in school" brings the analysis of an experiment on active methodologies, specifically with a United Nations simulation model (UN), developed in the context school with high school students in a private school in the city of Manaus/AM. Therefore, discusses about the teacher's role in shaping the student, the challenges of teaching, combining professional autonomy with intellectual autonomy, a move that highlights the teacher's possibilities of action with regard to planning their lessons, to bureaucratic tasks required, as well as the loss of autonomy in major decisions from the perspective of school organization and curriculum, and the implications arising therefrom to the quality of their work and, in particular, to student learning. Therefore, argues methodological approaches that favor the construction of the student's intellectual autonomy, through active methods of teaching and learning, in particular, work with educational projects guided by the problem-based learning and case study, and, as an example, the simulation UN. Besides questioning the obstacles and difficulties encountered in school about the teaching and learning process, points to what is substantive in teaching, inviting teachers not to be a mere executor function of tasks, but the architect of teaching process learning. In addition to literature review on the methodological approaches that favor the construction of autonomy of students, from a ethnomethod, it conducted a case study, involving monitoring and participant observation of the UN simulation activity, interviews with students and teachers, and the analysis of documents produced by the students. However, we identify with our work, the routinization and the consequent bureaucratisation of teaching become barriers to more effective teaching practices, and it makes hard the construction of student autonomy and teacher himself. However, despite this situation, it was noted that the use of active methods of teaching and learning in school, brought, students, more dynamism and enthusiasm, dialogue, cooperation and responsibility towards the construction of knowledge, and stimulate student to look/walk on their own, in an autonomous exercise, contributing to the understanding of the construction of autonomy, uniting intellectual training to the process of continuous appropriation of knowledge and practices.