Verificação da presença dos HPAs derivados do petróleo em águas dos rios Coari e Solimões, no município de Coari/Am

Abstract

Oil exploration has been growing in several countries each year, in 2020 exploration yielded 1.73 trillion barrels in the world. With the advancement of offshore oil exploration in the Brazilian pre-salt, Brazil reached the 15th position in the world ranking of oil reserves in 2015, advances have also been occurring in the reserves of the State of Amazonas. In 2017, the Urucu reserves became the largest producer of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in Brazil. As oil exploration grows in the world, the risk of small and large environmental accidents with this product also increases. In the first months of 2019, Brazil recorded several crude oil spills in the Brazilian offshore region. The spillage of a small amount of oil into the aquatic environment is capable of causing great damage to all aquatic life. Oil has tens of thousands of compounds, among them are Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), in oil they are arranged in small amounts, but their levels of toxicity are high. Among the PAHs, 16 were classified as bioaccumulative, toxic and carcinogenic compounds. The objective of this work was to verify the presence of petroleum-derived PAHs in the waters of the Coari and Solimões rivers, close to the seat of the municipality of Coari. The first water samples were collected in November 2021, the dry period of the rivers. The second collection took place during the flood season, in July 2022. The physical-chemical parameters analyzed in this research were pH, temperature, turbidity, conductivity, true color and apparent color. The PAHs studied in this work were limited to the deuterated compounds present in the SV Mix Restewk standard containing naphthalene-d8, acenaphthylene-d10, phenanthrene-d10, chrylene-d12 and perylene-d12 dissolved in diclomethane. The physical-chemical parameters analyzed in the water samples are mostly in accordance with CONAMA Resolution No. 357, of March 17, 2005, established for class 2 water. The qualitative analyzes of the samples in GC/MS did not show the presence of PAHs under study. Even without the presence of PAHs in these analyzes and the physical-chemical parameters being mostly in accordance with the Brazilian resolution, further studies in the Urucu oil company region are of paramount importance, as it is an area with a high risk of an environmental disaster.