Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de clones de guaranazeiro pelos métodos Annicchiarico, Reml/Blup e Lin e Binns

Abstract

Guarana (Paullinia cupana var. Sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) is an Amazon native plant of great economic and social potential for Brazil. The species is commercially cultivated in the states of Amazon, Acre, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, Bahia and Mato Grosso. Due to the great expansion of culture, research has cast new clones, for high productivity and disease resistance. The development of plants is affected by many environmental factors such as soil and climatic conditions, cultural practices and the occurrence of pathogens. In a given environment the phenotype is the result of the genotype of action under the influence of the environment. However, when considering a number of environments, phenotypic variation is composed not only by genotype and environmental variance. Here comes the environmental effects (A), genotype (G) and genotype x environment interaction (GE), the latter effect which promotes significant differences in the performance of cultivars when they are grown in different locations. The objective of this study was to estimate the adaptability and stability of 32 clones of guarana, through three statistical methods. The experiments were designed in randomized blocks with two replications, three plants per plot and spacing 5 m x 5 m. During the period 1998-2010 the clones were evaluated in the municipalities of Iranduba, Maués and Manaus. Adaptability and stability of the clones were analyzed using three statistical methods in 13 years of farming: Lin and Binns, REML / BLUP and Annicchiarico. The three methods classify the clones in the same way. Clone 871 has good stability, wide adaptability and increased productivity in all methods being considered an ideal genotype. In favorable environments in the methodologies of REML / BLUP, ANNICHIARICO and LIN and BINNS, clone 871 showed good stability and specific adaptability to this type of environment and unfavorable environments.