Crimes contra a humanidade e Ditadura Militar Brasileira: violências de estado contra mulheres indígenas

Abstract

The civilian-military dictatorship was a period in which the Brazilian state perpetrated violence against indigenous peoples, especially indigenous women, incurring serious human rights violations. The research problem is to analyse to what extent the violence perpetrated by state agents during the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship can be recognised as crimes against humanity. The general aim of the research is to analyse the possibility that the practices of violence perpetrated during the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship against indigenous women by agents of the state could be classified as crimes against humanity. The dissertation is organised into four chapters. The first focuses on the study of the configurations of power relations prevailing in Western society, with an emphasis on gender relations and how gender violence is perpetrated against indigenous women. In the second chapter, the main conceptions of crimes against humanity are examined, looking at the historical process of constructing these conceptions and the people who contributed to the development of the conceptions of this type of international crime, and the main international normative considerations on the subject are presented. The third chapter analyses the content of documents relating to the occurrence of violence committed against indigenous peoples by the Brazilian state during the civil-military dictatorship, from a gender perspective, examining the Final Report of the National Truth Commission and the Final Report of the 1967 Commission of Inquiry, an integral part of the Figueiredo Report. Finally, the fourth and last chapter aims to present a solution to the proposed research problem and achieve the general objective of the research, based on a reflection on the themes addressed throughout the work, including indigenous peoples, crimes against humanity and the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship. In terms of the results observed, the configuration of violence committed against indigenous women during the period of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship by state agents was verified as crimes against humanity. The configuration of the international crime was verified by observing the submission of indigenous peoples by the Brazilian state to processes of forced cultural assimilation, physical extermination, forced displacement and degrading living conditions that resulted in the social disintegration of various communities.