Allobates tinae: uma espécie, ou um complexo de espécies semelhantes

Abstract

Allobates tinae is not a widely distributed species as previously suggested but a complex of cryptic species. In this study, we describe a new species of the Allobates tinae complex that inhabits the lowland dense rainforest of the northern Purus-Madeira Interfluve. We suggest that the distribution of A. tinae is restricted to the southern Purus-Madeira Interfluve and the species inhabits lowland open rainforest. The new species described herein can be easily distinguished by the following combination of morphological characters: small body size; absence of dark blotches or hourglass pattern on dorsum; throat, chest and belly yellow in males and females; when present, melanophores are scarce and founf only on the mandible; Finger III (Finger IV following Grant et al. 2017) uniform in width along phalanges; distal phalange of Finger III larger in males adult than in females; proximal phalange of Finger III larger than medial and distal phalanges in females; forearm shorter than arm. Tadpoles with emarginated buccal apparatus; three or four triangular papillae on corner of the anterior labium; one row of 12 or 14 short, triangular papillae on posterior labium; similar-sized papillae on posteromedial and posterolateral region of posterior labium. Advertisement call characterized by short trills composed by 5 ± 1 (3–7) notes that last 0.041 s ± 0.004 (0.029–0.054 s). Average silent interval between notes was 0.15 s ± 0.03 (0.10–0.23 s), being shorter between the first pair of notes [0.12 s ± 0.01 (0.10–0.15 s)] than between the last pair [0.19 s ± 0.02 (016–0.23 s)]. Peak frequency was 5635 Hz ± 209 (5168–6008 Hz); lower frequency was 5387 Hz ± 204 (4849–5817 Hz); upper frequency was 5829 Hz ± 191 (5374–6206 Hz). The new species described in this study is the 20th species of Allobates from the Brazilian Amazonia. Phylogenetic results indicate that there are two candidate species awaiting formal description in the Allobates tinae species complex.