Diversidade microbiana dos solos de Terra Preta de Índio e de Terra Mulata da Amazônia Ocidental

Abstract

The Amazon is characterized primarily by having two major ecosystems, the flooding and no flooding, which is covering the land where it is anthropogenic archaeological sites caused by human action from pre-Columbian peoples of Amazon, rich in organic matter with high nutrient content, which provides a favorable habitat for microbial community can or can’t shows vast diversity of microbial populations in natural environments and until this moment was not disclosure and make use of sequences of 16S rRNA gene directly from the environment has be possible to estimate this diversity. Facing this, the objective of this study was to construct four libraries 16S rRNA from soils Anthropogenic Dark Earth (TPBact e TPArch) and adjacente soil (TABact e TAArch), to compare biodiversity of Bacteria Domain and Archaea Domain between these two environments. Were selected 960 clones to Bacteria Domain and 672 clones to Archaea Domain and were compared using databases of Genbank (NCI-USA) and RDP-II program. Data analyses indicated prodominace of microoganims unknown from 38% among the sequences from TPBact, 58% from TABact, and 52% from TPArch and 49% from TAArch. The phylum founded for libraries to Domain Bacteria was: Acidobacteria (20% TPBact and 33 11% TABact); Nitrospira (8% TPBact and 1% TABact); Firmicutes (7% TPBact and 3% TABact); Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria (5% TPBact and 4% TABact); Proteobacteria (5% TPBact and 2% TABact); Sphigobacteria (2% TPBact and 5% TABact) and 4% Gammaproteobacteria in both libraries. For Archeae Domain were found just two phylum, Crenarcheota (40% TPArch and 46% TAArch) e Euryarcheota (8% TPArch and 5% TAArch). Overall values obtaind from Simpson and shannon indexes for library Bacteria Domain of Dark Earth and Mulata showed greater diversity in this soil, while it doesn’t occur to Archaea libraries, perhaps because they are poorly described in literature. This study aimed to contribute with knowledge about variety of Bacteria Domain, with great diversity of Filos and Archaea Domain, a group still needs to be further studied, mainly in Amazonian soil, with its ecological significance and biotechnological