Do Caniço ao Rapixé: os pescadores artesanais e a Política de Seguro Desemprego do Pescador Artesanal - PSDPA na comunidade Divino Espírito Santo em Parintins-AM

Abstract

Populations that inhabit the lands of the Amazon floodplain socially and economically dependent on artisanal fishing for their livelihood. This activity presents with purpose of consumption and sale of surplus providing social reproduction and income generation. This study aims to know the working process of artisanal fishermen in fisheries production, identifying possible forms of management and strategies used to conserve natural resources. Also seeks to understand the insertion of artisanal fisherman in Unemployment Insurance Policy Fisherman Hand - PSDPA from the perspective of the Brazilian social security, analyzing their social and environmental impacts of fishing families in the community in the Holy Spirit Parintins- Am. For this, we used as instruments: a qualitative approach, literature and documents, structured interviews, direct observation and photographic fonoaudiográfico registration and preparation of mental map. With the research we observed that the work in fishing, although considered by some as an activity of little complexity, requires knowledge of the environment and its natural resources, hydrological cycles, methods and fishing techniques among others. Artisanal fishing is being held in precarious conditions exposing fishermen to various risks, including death. The marketing of fishery fishermen to middlemen expropriates a significant part of the real value of their work. The work in artisanal fisheries in Parintins has no policies to support fisheries production both in terms of infrastructure, and for processing and marketing of fish. The conservation of fisheries resources is signaled by the fishermen interviewed as an essential element for maintaining life in the community studied, however, their participation in environmental conservation is greatly reduced. Regarding PSDPA, it was found that most of the artisanal fishermen of the Holy Spirit community still does not have access to social security policies via this policy. Fishermen who have access PSDPA claim that the money arising from this policy is mainly applied in food , loan payments and financing and purchase of fishing tackle . Although the fishermen declare to the period of closure, it was identified that some hold the capture of prohibited species in that period . Although PSDPA mean improvement in living conditions and worked by artisanal fishermen and fisherwomen, there is still a number of issues to be addressed through public policies to confront the existing inequalities in the fishing sector .