Análise dos custos de transporte de soja por meio de contêineres e os terminais portuários de Manaus como uma nova rota para exportação da soja brasileira

Abstract

Soybean is one of the Brazilian commodities more positively influences the country's trade balance. Brazil has great advantages in this market in production technology, research in plant breeding, extensive production areas, conducive climate for a good crop, however, presents serious problems in transportation infrastructure leading to huge losses and raising the value of the product, making it less competitive in the international market. Soybean producers, particularly the Brazilian Midwest, seek alternative routes to ship its products in order to save time and money on shipping. This scenario is the northern region of the country with huge amount of rivers to vent ports and roads of South-Central Brazil, and the city of Manaus with container shipment in export with 90% of these coming empty in the vast majority of imports components for the Manaus Free Zone. In this context, the research was developed through exploratory methods and a case study based on literature and document review of practices available and field research with semi-structured interviews with participants in the production chain and soybean export-related supplies. Sought to characterize, describe and explain the structure and composition of costs in soybean using modal transport waterway with the use of empty containers in the city of Manaus, as well as identifying key items of greatest demand costs and the viability of activities and identified costs were based on cost method activities (ABC). Costs were identified in eight comparative routes, taking the route of Santos as the reference route, and others as export at ports of the northern region as Itacoatiara, Santarém and Manaus in order to identify the cost difference and compare the use of multimodality, the complexity of transshipment and the influence of distance on transport costs, based on an analysis of the production of municipalities, in different locations, which were Sapezal and Campo Novo do Parecis. Divided into six scenarios matching the use of 20-foot containers and 40 feet, as the derivation of these in current prices and prices with reduced values with increasing demand. The results in the composition of national transportation costs, on the route as embarkation point using containers and Manaus terminals resulted in 66% of the costs for freight, 19% and 12% in transshipment of empty containers shipping costs for the city of Porto old. So to use the empty containers of Manaus and export them by Port Terminals has the shipping cost between 13% and 17.5% higher than using the road route and shipment in bulk Santos. But in the final comparison of embedded ships, the values corresponded to 2.18% higher in TUPs of Manaus. This reduction in the percentage is due to the cost reduction in ocean freight and elimination of fines in rows. Itacoatiara and Santarém had reduced costs with respect to Santos. For a final analysis of the feasibility of using the proposed model, it adopted multi-criteria analysis relating the matrix Mudge and Cost-Benefit Analysis - CBA in which the data found define the feasibility of the proposal. Therefore, the study concluded that it is feasible to use soy transport through containers and port terminals of Manaus and Porto Velho as a new route for export is with value adjustments and practices related to the shipment of containers for baking in Porto Velho.