Megaeventos esportivos e seus reflexos na dinâmica urbana de Manaus : análise do bairro São Raimundo

Abstract

Manaus, the capital of the state of Amazonas, is the metropolitan nucleus of the Manaus Metropolitan Region. In the last 10 years, it has been the site of considerable quantitatively and qualitatively sporting and other events. To get an idea of how the use of sports spaces can change the city's dynamics, it is worth highlighting the economic activities and changes in traffic that arise on days when various events occur. The vast majority of these events take place in sports spaces built for the 2014 World Cup. Manaus, one of the twelve host cities, was the city in the northern region of Brazil chosen to represent the Amazon region, recognized worldwide for its natural landscapes, a fact that led to the city's choice being heavily questioned due to it not having teams with the potential to attract large number of fans for the games and thus minimize the State's expenses with maintaining the stadium after the World Cup. To host the World Cup games in the city, one of FIFA's requirements was to have a stadium to hold the official games and other stadiums to serve as Official Training Fields – COTs. The demands were met and the Arena da Amazônia – Vivaldo Lima was the main stadium where the four official games of the competition took place and in the São Raimundo neighborhood the Ismael Benigno stadium was renovated and used for the teams' training games. Of so many sports spaces existing in the city of Manaus, with potential to be chosen and transformed into Official Training Fields, the São Raimundo neighborhood was selected by the government of the State of Amazonas, which is why it became a special part of the study area of this thesis. The construction of the stadium for the 2014 World Cup training games added to the ongoing changes in the urban structure of the São Raimundo neighborhood and in the city of Manaus, where interventions also took place as a result of FIFA's requirements. Sports do not only cause transformations on competition days, but they alter social relationships in time and space. Despite the construction of this space and others throughout the city, they did not bring significant benefits to the majority of the population who practice physical activities. Although the mega sporting event took place in 2014, it continues to influence changes in everyday life through the various uses of sports infrastructure built in the city. Due to the number of different events that took place in the stadiums of Manaus, this thesis work sought to analyze the changes in the life of the São Raimundo neighborhood considering the urban modifications carried out to host mega sporting events in the city of Manaus. To respond to the problems raised and the hypotheses that emerged, the research took place by searching for data and information in direct documentation (websites, official documents, field observations) and indirect documentation (neighborhood urbanization process through analysis of maps and figures) and subsequently an analysis and description of the activities carried out. The use of the dialectical method helped to understand how public and private actions to build places to host mega sporting events in the city of Manaus stimulate changes in urban forms and dynamics in the São Raimundo neighborhood. Based on the information collected throughout the research, it can be stated that the interference in the daily life of the city of Manaus, more specifically the São Raimundo neighborhood where the Ismael Benigno stadium is located and the Flores neighborhood where the Arena da Amazônia is located, are the result of the of the mega sporting event that took place in 2014. These become more evident when sporting events and other events take place, even in the exclusion of part of the population of Manaus who are unable to use the stadiums to carry out their physical activities, forcing them to travel to other neighborhoods of the city