As mudanças do habitus a partir da exploração de petróleo e gás natural em Coari-AM

Abstract

The present research, “The changes of the habitus from the oil and gas exploration in CoariAM”, has as main objective to analyze the changes in the habitus of the residents of CoariAM. Therefore, the research observed two territories: urban and rural, the Central Border of the town and The Comunidade Esperança II. The social actors of the focused areas of this project have seen processes of deep social and environmental changes brought by the introduction of the oil companies introduction in Coari, which has impacts over their life’s conditions. The inhabitants, by being situated in a locus considered as traditional, has felt new inner dynamics in their quotidian, in a way that they has never seen in past times. Despite of the socioeconomic and political importance of the Coari-Manaus gas tube for the Brazilian State, the onus of this huge enterprise has fallen over the population at the urban and rural areas, fact that have changed their topophilia, the possibilities of reproductions of the material and symbolic life, and as consequence, the life quality and human welfare. Thus, this research presents the need of establishment of new power relations and sociopolitical empowerment, to the socially disposed benefits be accessed by all the population and do not reproduce the current situation of socioenvironmental perversity, that has given dynamics to the local society. Coari’s configuration after the establishment of the gas tube force to focus on the oil’s enterprises in Amazon, what generally occurs without consider the specificity of the regional people, seeking only the national economic interests linked to the international capital, excluding majorly the social, economic, environmental, cultural and political fields, which composes the sustainability of the development. This research have used the ethnography and the environmental perception as methods, by the utilization of a theoreticalmethodological basis, guided by quantitative and qualitative data collecting, by application of semi structured interviews, forms, iconographic survey, and secondary data analyzes – socioeconomics, environmental and territorial – of official agencies and other researches. These instruments have contributed to the evaluation of life conditions in Coari, specially in the cultural, environmental, social, political and economic fields, also have served to explicit the research’s informers perception of the oil activities. Hence it follows that, this research shows in a imperative way the need of create new development and natural resources appropriation models in Amazon, to make the main associated actors interested in this process do not get stucked to the political and social chains, what makes them more victims than beneficiary, as the case of Coari-Manaus gas tube has shown, by having impact most negative than positive to the town’s population.