Dinâmicas das estratégias matrimoniais entre povos indígenas: processos diferenciados de territorialização e territorialidades específicas em Manaus

Abstract

The present anthropological investigation was built from the reflection on the configurations of indigenous matrimonial strategies in the metropolitan region of Manaus and its possibilities of analysis about the differentiated processes of territorialization and consolidation of indigenous territorialities in this region. Initially, the identification of couples made up of relatives from peoples of different origins was based on research relationships or evidence of these social research agents in the indigenous movement, whether political or cultural. The research aimed to reflect, through ethnography and social cartography, on the (re)production of social units in the metropolitan region of Manaus, having as object the matrimonial strategies between indigenous peoples of different peoples. It sought to describe ethnographically the processes of mobility, connection, territoriality, territorialization and ethnic identity from matrimonial alliances, identifying from the social agents of the research and their life stories to verify how the construction of their ethnic identities and their respective groups conditioned by the pandemic situation. The research used ethnography with face-to-face interviews and mediated by cell phone and social networks, with audiovisual records, testimonials and a bibliographical review related to the themes that made up the investigation. The structure of the thesis has five chapters where in the first chapter I present the field, from the presentation of the social units of the community of Nossa Senhora do Livramento, of Parque das Tribos, of the Três Unidos community, of the Bayaroá Group community, of the Biatüwi restaurant in Manaus and the Beija-Flor Indigenous Land in Rio Preto da Eva and the Tururukari-Uka village in Manacapuru, ending with a reflection on the indigenous peoples and the metropolitan region of Manaus. In the second chapter I deal with “marriage rules” as strategies for social reproduction, alliances and indigenous social units in greater Manaus. This chapter discusses which deliberate acts are constituted in the consolidation of collective identities. A critical analysis of the “erudite dictionary” about the alliance in Lowie, Murdock and Schultz of the critical reflection on which social units we are dealing with is carried out concomitantly, discussing from a bibliographical review on the concepts and/or significant categories of social units, namely: people, nation, ethnic group, community and tribe, ending the chapter with a discussion on pluriethnic territories. The third chapter, in turn, critically reflects on the social history of interpretations of alliances in anthropology. For this discussion, a bibliographic review was carried out on alliance theories based on Morgan, Cushing, Boas, Rivers, Malinowski and Leach, seeking possible deconstructions of the ideas of rules and social models for alliances and human social organizations. Continuing with the fourth chapter, where I present the life stories of the fifteen couples that make up the research. It ends with the fifth chapter, presenting the meanings of Rio Negro women about marriage strategies and the differentiated processes of territorialization and specific indigenous territorialities based on the testimonies of fifteen couples and the contributions of three women from the association of indigenous women of the Upper Rio Negro, where the process of specific territoriality of each social unit of the research is presented. The considerations arrived at fall on the observation that matrimonial alliances in their various arrangements and contexts, contribute to the strengthening and (re)construction of individual and collective ethnic identities permeating various spheres of social life such as religion, economy, artistic and cultural expressions and politics. Regarding the research collaborating couples, it is possible to observe that their alliances were constituted in different spheres, so we reiterate that alliances are also the result of contextualizations, as well as strategies when it comes to indigenous peoples in processes of territorialization and territorialities in territories that are not theirs. origin, as is the case of Manaus. The most potential suggestion was to propose the construction of an analytical category to explain this phenomenon of marriage between indigenous peoples of different ethnicities, because when trying to use the category of interethnic marriage, it seems important to us to use a coherent analytical category. Mainly because this category strongly refers to marriages between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples and is widely used and agreed in this sense, although these alliances between different indigenous peoples are also considered interethnic.