Detecção da hepatite B oculta em doações de sangue das regionais de saúde Alto Solimões e Amazonas

Abstract

The infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a worldwide distribution and represents a major public health problem. Hepatitis B also sets a risk in transfusion therapy given the potential transmission parenterally. In serological screening for HBV markers are used to detect the virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to the core antigen (anti-HBc). The occult hepatitis B (characterized by the presence of HBV DNA in HBsAg negative samples), has been a challenge for serological screening of blood donors in the state of Amazonas where there are more than 22% of donations reactive for anti-marker HBc in isolation. Moreover, conclusive studies on the frequency of occult hepatitis B are scarce in the state of Amazonas. As the area of high prevalence of HBV infection, it is necessary to investigate the frequency of hepatitis B hidden. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the presence of hepatitis B hidden in samples anti-HBc positive with or without the presence of the marker anti-HBs in serological screening of donor blood from Units collections Transfusion (UCT's) in regional health Alto Solimoes and Amazonas, from June/2011 to June/2012. We used qualitative and quantitative methods of serological markers for infection and molecular detection, quantification of viral load and genotyping of HBV. The prevalence of anti-HBc reactive within the State of Amazonas among blood donors was 22, 19%. We analyzed 112 samples reactive anti-HBc and HBsAg negative, of these, 04 were positive for HBV DNA. The higher frequency of blood donors with reactive serology for hepatitis B from the regional Alto Solimoes and Amazonas have the serological profile anti- HBc and anti-HBs reactive and are not first-time donors. The prevalence of occult heptatite B in donors from the regional health Alto Solimoes and Amazonas are 3.57%. The presence of the marker in anti-HBs titers (above 100 mIU / ml) is not associated with the absence of occult hepatitis B in blood donors of the regional health Alto Solimoes and Amazonas. No association was found between viral load and hepatitis B serologic profile of blood donors HBV DNA positive. Could not describe the genotypes of samples positive for HBV DNA. The risk of occult infection with hepatitis B virus (OIB) is real and can be seen in countries where the technique was implemented and also through the data of this study. The occurrence of OIB in blood donors in the Amazon region leads to the questioning of the algorithm currently obeyed. You can also establish new strategies to contemplate transfusion safety, blood needs in the state and dispose of blood products.