Políticas para o campo no Amazonas: o papel político do Instituto de Terras do Amazona (ITEAM)

Abstract

The issue of land in the Amazon has historically been the target of state intervention and it did not recognize the cultural diversity of social groups arranged in the land caring only for the territorial content itself. By encouraging the settlement and colonization in the Amazon, more massively from the twentieth century, the policies have opened the door to land conflicts and the emergence of new agents that structured social relations, political, economic and cultural status. For small farmers, riparian, and other agents of the field emerged a possibility of changing life in the city, attracted by the establishment of the Manaus Free Zone (MFZ), an industrial electronics products that tore the green areas in Manaus generating a disordered growth of capital due to rural exodus. All these problems represent the expansion of capitalism in the field of the Amazon and Brazil, with the monopoly of large estate, farm land, bitter conflicts between social classes, migration, exodus (IANNI, 1986). In the current period, an institute responsible for the land issue, the Land Institute of the Amazon, ITEAM, linked to the state government intends to use its inventory of public lands, approximately 39.0% of the state to implement reform policies land through land regularization or rural settlements. Such policies would be consistent with the actions that the Lula government intends to take to the field, a "'land reform' quality, with models of forest settlements, based on the mainstreaming of public policies" (PASQUIS et al., 2005). So the proposal is to deploy ITEAM settlements in accordance with the reality of social workers in five local municipalities of Amazonas, with the participation of both the staff of institutions working with the themes of earth and those who live and dwell in it. By examining these issues, policies for the field in the Amazon, we will focus on analysis of the State/Society having as its background the proposed land reform policy of ITEAM without focusing directly on the content of policies, plans and projects. So we want to understand this historical relationship in the context of the land problem in Brazil, the consequences of policies for the field in the Amazon and in the current context, what changes occurred in the state that can influence land policies of today.