Análise temporal do uso e cobertura da terra e seu impacto na temperatura da superfície na cidade de Humaitá-Amazonas

Abstract

The municipality of Humaitá, located in the southern region of the Amazonas, has recorded a significant population increase in recent years, with the arrival of immigrants from other regions. This demographic growth is associated with constant changes in land use and coverage, resulting in the reduction of native vegetation in the expansion of urbanized areas, leading to a deterioration of environmental quality in urban areas. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the influence of urban development on changes in surface in the municipality of Humaitá-Amazonas. To analyze changes in land use and occupation for the years 1985, 2013, 2017 and 2022, data from the digital cartographic base of the MapBiomas project were used and to estimate surface temperature (Ts) images from the Landsat satellite were used. 8 acquired through the Google Earth Engine platform. Over the years trained, transformations were experienced in land use in the city of Humaitá-Am, such as the replacement of native vegetation with agricultural systems and urbanized areas. There was a reduction of 21,626% in forestry areas, an expansion of 32,121% in urbanized areas and an increase of 1,401,931% in pasture areas, reducing the intensification of livestock farming. The surface temperature showed an increase between 2013 and 2022, with the highest amplitude in 2017 reaching 40.97°C. Additionally, areas with greater vegetation cover have lower temperatures, while urbanized locations have higher temperatures, showing an increase with a maximum relative percentage difference of up to 20%. The air temperature, according to the results obtained, shows that there was no great variability in air temperature in the urban area of Humaitá-AM over the years analyzed, with annual values ranging between 27°C and 28°C.