Avaliação do potencial citotóxico, genotóxico e clastogênico do extrato aquoso das folhas de arrabidaea chica verlot (bignoniaceae)

Abstract

Crajiru is a shrub of the family Bignoniaceae found throughout the Amazon. Its scientific name is Arrabidaea chica B. Verl. and is popularly known as carajuru, pariri, cipó cruz, calajouru, karajurana, krawiru. It has anti-inflammatory, healing, anti-anemic, and anti-hemorrhagic properties. The variety used was the AC1, for being the most commonly found and used by the population. Was made an extractive solution 7.5 % from AC1, and its extract was prepared in a Spray Drier. With dry extract we realized the biological tests. The Comparative Thin Layer Chromatography (CTLC) and total tannins test was realized with the extractive solution and dry extract to verify the presence of quercetin and gallic acid, and tannins, respectively. To analyze the cytotoxicity we made the hemolisys test, using mice blood, the Alamar Blue and Trypan Blue assays using NIH-3T3, in different extract concentrations to determinate the IC50. The antioxidant activity tests (DPPH scavenging assay and NIH-3T3 cellular antioxidant activity) was made. We choose the NIH-3T3 Comet assay to analyze the genotoxicity. We detected the chromosome and mitotic apparatus damages induced by A. chica extract using the Micronucleus assay. The TLC showed probable presence of quercetin in lows concentrations in both extractive solution and dry extract, however, we could not detect gallic acid. Was detected 1.5 g% and 1.3 g% of tannins in extractive solution and dry extract, respectively. The dry extract was not significantly cytotoxic nor hemolytic on the realized tests and induced proliferation on NIH-3T3. We didn t find any antioxidant activity and there was not significant damage on fibroblasts DNA on Comet assay. We performed the micronucleus test to analyze the presence of Micronucleated Polyichromatic Erythrocytes (PCEMN s) which ranged from 14 to 18 in 24 h and 48h of exposition, while the positive control showed 322 and 288 PCEMN s in the same treatment period. The analysis on TLC and total tannins tests showed equivalents results from extractive solution and dry extract, indicating that dry extract used in in vitro and in vivo tests didn t change its composition during the spray drying process.