Aplicação da distribuição de sensibilidade de espécies a agrotóxicos para a definição de padrões de qualidade da água e proteção da biodiversidade aquática

Abstract

Species Distributions Sensibility - SSDs is a method used to represent the variation of the sensitivity of multiple species in a given toxic component represented by a statistical function. Over the last decades this method has been widely utilized by various international communities as a tool for defining qualities patterns to the use of toxic components in the environment. In this work we propose the use of SSDs to define safe use of different pesticides in the Amazon. For this, we conducted survey on data available in the database and articles published, standardized and selected the criteria for analysis e then compared with the values found in the proposed CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. The pesticides studied were the insecticide deltamethrin, malathion, parathion-methyl and imidacloprid, were analyzed their actions in fish and arthropods, the fungicides Mancozeb and their actions in fish and invertebrates and also the herbicides glyphosate and paraquat their actions in fish and invertebrates and in algae and macrophytes. The HC5 values generated with the construction of the SDRs were used to determine the water quality standards and the values of the proposed maximum concentration values were 0.00002 μg/L for Deltametrinal, 0.026 μg/L for Imidacloprid, 0.102 μg / L for malathion, 0.02 μg/L for methyl parathion, 1.284 μg / L for Mancozeb, 19.27 μg / L for glyphosate and 0.006 μg / L for paraquat. In the case of malathion, the determined value matches the value already proposed in CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005. For glyphosate, the calculated value is five times smaller than the to the resolution. For other pesticides was not possible to make a comparison because Brazilian law lacks information on these ceilings. From the results we can conclude that it is possible to estimate quality standards for the Amazon region and that these patterns can best guide and the use of toxic components to minimize the environmental impact caused by them.