Propagação e diversidade genética de Picrolemma sprucei Hook. f. (Simaroubaceae)

Abstract

Caferana Picrolemma sprucei Hook a plant from the Simarubaceae family with antimalarial effects well known by the Amazon region native populations is being used without any criteria by them as a medicinal tea in order to fight this disease. The plant has a taproot that could reach over 2mts depth. On chapter one, it has been researched the regrowing of the species in its own habitat, in order to evaluate the increment of vegetal material, in a given period of four years to attain technical information on cultivated stuff and a sprout production method. The selected part of plant was the stem in natural habitat, close-cut regrowing at ground-surface. The population had 75% of plants with average height of 50 cm. On following four years, after being cut to measure average height, 75 % of plants have reached maximum height between 28 to 30cm. As a main conclusion, it could be inferred that, according field observation the caferana plant needs at least the minimum of four years to recompose its growth after being cut. It has been observed a rather slow regrowth increment, because unknown factors. On chapter two, it has been used the agronomic stake technique aiming at to evaluate plant viability for sprout production. It was adopted a casual design experiment absolutely at random in factorial scheme 4 x 4 with four types of stakes ligneous, semi-ligneous, herbaceous and semi-herbaceous and four types of soil; S1 with sand 100%, S2 with 50% sand plus 50% clay, S3 with clay 100%, and S4 with composite soil 30% plus 30% clay plus 40% sand. Best kind of soil for caferana has been S4 composite 21,67%, and best stakes were: ligneous 29,16% and herbaceous 20%. On a general mood, roots were only established after one and a half year of sprout maintenance, turning rather difficult its identification, diminishing sprout development, making non-feasible the stake-technique for sprout production. On chapter three, it has been evaluated caferana plants sprouting with seeds collected at UFAM-AM. The experiment was sketched in blocks at random, with four types of soils; S1 (100% sand); S2 (50% sand plus 50% clay); S3 (100% clay) S4 (30% composite plus 30% clay plus 40% sand), during four years. At the green-house caferana has been watered with automatic sprinkling every ten minutes at 60 second - irrigating period. The largest percentage sprouting average was with substratum S4 (41.02%) followed by S3 (31.92%) and S2 (30,29%) which do not differed between them. The worst performance has been for substratum S1 (22,94%). Germination techniques in green-house, for Picrolemma spruce Hook sprout production has had a rather medium yield. It has been concluded that there is a great dependence on moisture for this species germination, already proved by best treatments (S4, S3, S2), containing (clay and humus) moisture retaining particles, which was also verified in its habitat next to Igarapes (creeks), where they develop in larger quantities. It is highly recommended to test other sprout production techniques, as in B.O.D chambers where could prove better results than in soil substrata germination. On chapter four, it has been evaluated the analysis by genetic markers conducted by three different combinations of four EcoRI-Msel starters, resulting in a total number of 443 polymorphic bands. These data has been used for the analysis of genetic divergence among populations. It was observed low-levels of genetic divergence among them. Genetic similarity at must has been of 88.8% inside C population, 39% inside D population, being similar inside P population, indicating, and lower genetic variability on C population, then influenced to endogamy crossing. Clustering populations has being displayed in the form of a dendrogram; inferring that, populations with greater Jaccard coefficient tend to have more similarity, and trees next to each other tend to be more similar among them.