Esporotricose humana no Amazonas: estratégias para prevenção e abordagens terapêuticas.

Abstract

Human sporotrichosis in the Amazonas region of Brazil presents a growing public health challenge, marked by increasing incidence and zoonotic transmission, primarily through felines. This study, employing an integrative review methodology, analyzed prevention strategies and therapeutic approaches for the disease, aiming to identify gaps and propose control measures. Five articles published between 2019 and 2024 were selected from PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Science Finder, and Web of Science, supplemented by official documents. The reviewed studies highlight the need for public awareness campaigns and healthcare professional training, emphasizing early diagnosis. Implementation of educational initiatives, strengthening epidemiological surveillance, and mandatory reporting are identified as crucial strategies. The findings also underscore responsible animal management, particularly for cats, including spaying/neutering programs and responsible ownership practices, as vital for sporotrichosis containment. Itraconazole emerges as the primary treatment, requiring prolonged administration and close monitoring. This research underscores the need for effective public health policies and a multidisciplinary approach, integrating human and animal health, to address the challenges posed by sporotrichosis in the region.