Estudo da diversidade e atividade larvicida de Agaricomycetes lignolíticos (basidiomycota) no Estado do Amazonas

Abstract

Studies on biodiversity has great importance to the rational use of natural resources, especially in mega-diverse regions such as the Amazonia. The study of fungal diversity Agaricomycetes is important to contribute with the knowledge of the diversity of them in the state of Amazon and introduce new records to the region. The relevance of this research is to contribute to the knowledge about biodiversity and the prospect of bioactive products, identifying fungi Agaricomycetes wood-degrading potential insecticide against larvae of mosquito of dengue virus, chikungunya and zika the Aedes aegypti. The methodology used for classical taxonomic identification was performed through analysis of macro-and microscopically, basidiomatas from the collections held in 12 municipalities of the state of Amazon (Autazes; Anamã; Careiro da várzea; Coari; Babu; Borba; Novo Aripuanã; Nova Olinda do Norte; Manaus; Manicoré; Parintins and Presidente Figueiredo) in the period from January to March 2013 and from January to May 2014. In that sense, it was possible to expand knowledge about the diversity of the Agaricomycetes. 323 specimens were collected, 263 of them were identified, represented by 40 genera, 76 species, classified into 15 families and 4 orders of Agaricomycetes. The healthy basidiocarps were recovered, of which 43 were pure cultures. These were used for the production of extracts, molecular identification and identification by MALDI-TOF. Molecular identification was through the sequencing of the Its regions 1 and 2 of the rDNA, and by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. Molecular identification analyses were performed by comparison of the sequences deposited in GenBank. The result of the molecular sequencing allowed an alignment with the nucleotide sequences that matches the identification of fungi as being of the group, the Agaricomycetes similarity above 96 %. In MALDI TOF only 26 specimens were possible be submitted to IC/MALDI TOF MS analysis. Spectral data were obtained with peak patterns (ions) exclusive to fungi with similarity of protein mixtures, which refers to the percentage of identity for the amount of identical values. Larvicidal activity performed effectively, six fungi showed bioactive compounds with lethal capability against larvae of third stage of A. aegypti. The extract of P. sanguineus, presented mortality of probit to 5.3 larvae of A. aegypti, which gives this fungus, a potential entomopatogênico quite expressive. The other extracts were not possible being necessary for analysis, evaluation and increased sample number.