Concepções e práticas de Educação Escolar Indígena: institucionalidade, estado da arte e escolarização dos Tikuna no Alto Solimões, AM

Abstract

This thesis derives from the research on educational conceptions and practices of indigenous peoples in the Amazon, reflections from the school Ticuna people, in order to understand how to define and historical circumstances that indigenous school education is different from the national education. The comprehensive method of Weber was the privileged theoretical and methodological support in this study, because it is understood that the founding of this heuristic method overcomes the scientific traditions of positivist base and opens new perspectives for the study of social reality. For analysis were prepared three buildings, "type-ideal", representing the different ways of thinking about indigenous education: social action of government agents; social action of scientists who study education and social action of the Indians themselves. The interdisciplinary demanded an immersion in the theoretical source of Sociology, Anthropology, History and Education as epistemic fields essential to the understanding of the research object. When rescued the historical process of indigenous schooling remains understood that the Indians always wanted to school. However, the educational trend, present in pedagogical formulations (ethnocentric and hegemonic) led the Indians to build an aversion to educational model and not to school. It is believed that the historical, philosophical and pedagogical mistakes led to the bringing of propagandize the indigenous education specific and differentiated as the ideal type of education for indigenous peoples. In the legal field, instituted a new regulatory framework defining the educational principles for indigenous schools, however, redundant in its content, since these principles were the same existing in the legal setting. It built up the "state of the art" in indigenous education sheltering in 243 (two hundred and three) theses and dissertations, in which they showed that the Indigenous Education Differentiated is a new field of research with a strong acceptance in academia by intellectual engagement with history with the indigenous cause, which confers a militant character to work, resulting in uncritical formulations of this new school model for ethnic minorities. Today, the Indigenous Education Differentiated is watchword in indigenous and indigenous universe, but in practice, the school education developed by indigenous people in the Alto Solimões still follows based on a traditional education model centered on the transmission of knowledge. From this academic itinerary formulated and defended the thesis that the Indigenous Education Differentiated, never existed, nor in the form of national curriculum guidelines, so little in fact of indigenous schools in the Alto Solimões, in the state of Amazonas.