Associação do nível de atividade física, mensurado por medida objetiva, com indicadores de saúde cardiovascular em pacientes com insuficiência venosa crônica: um estudo transversal

Abstract

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is characterized by the abnormal function of the venous system of the lower limbs caused by valve incompetence associated, or not, with obstruction of venous flow. CVI has caused several health problems, mainly because there are possible associations with cardiovascular health factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, family history of myocardial infarction and/or stroke, obesity and smoking. Studies of objective assessment of these parameters and associated factors are scarce in patients with CVI and require further analysis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to verify the association between physical activity levels (PAL) and cardiovascular health indicators in patients with CVI. This is a cross-sectional observational study in patients with CVI (C3 to C6), of both sexes, aged from 18 years, in which tests on PAL were carried out using accelerometers for 7 days, cardiovascular tests with measurement of brachial blood pressure and cardiac autonomic modulation, in addition to the application of sociodemographic questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Simple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate possible associations between variables. For all statistical analyzes a P value <0.05 was considered significant. Our results showed a significant association between vigorous NAF and double product, (β: -25.8; 95% CI: -48.2; -3.3; P = 0.024); body mass index and mild PAL (β: 2.97; 95% CI: 0.36 - 5.57; P = 0.026); body mass index and diastolic blood pressure (β: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.19 - 0.79; P = 0.001); body mass index and mean arterial pressure (β: 0.741; 95% CI: 0.06 - 1.41; p = 0.031); body mass index and double product (β: 6.68; 95% CI: 4.61 – 1.29; P = 0.035); age and systolic blood pressure (β: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.21 - 0.87; P = 0.001); age and mean arterial pressure (β: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.06 - 0.93; P = 0.024). We concluded that NAF showed a significant association with the double product, but without a significant association for the other blood pressure parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation. Patients with CVI showed a high amount of time in sedentary behavior and low vigorous PAL. Age-related risk factors for CVI were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, as well as body mass index (BMI) was associated with mild PAL, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure and double product, indicating that patients with CVI present possible influences of PAL and risk factors for CVI on blood pressure parameters.