Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional na Perspectiva da Sustentabilidade: Estudo a partir do Programa Bolsa Família nos CECFs em Manaus/AM

Abstract

The sustainability paradigm, based on ecodevelopment, contemplates the articulation between the social, economic, cultural, political, geographical, environmental and ecological dimensions, receiving prominence in a more expressive way in global political debates, starting in the 1970s, considering the emergence of the sustainable development proposals, which relate the satisfaction of basic needs, among other practices based on the incorporation of the environmental dimension to development policies, provides for the articulation of different visions and interests of countries, peoples and social classes, and aims to satisfy the needs population without compromising future generations. Aiming to comply with the principles of sustainability, especially in the social and economic sphere, the Brazilian State has adopted strategies to face the multiple expressions of poverty, emphasizing in this context, the implementation of a set of actions, services, programs, projects and assistance benefits, with emphasis on the National Social Assistance Policy (PNAS, 2004) and the National Food and Nutrition Security Policy (PNSAN, 2010), which intend to act from the perspective of sustainability. In view of the social, academic and professional relevance of the proposed theme, recognizing food as a fundamental human and social right for everyone and as a precondition for the achievement of other basic rights and satisfactions, the study aimed to analyze the right to food security and nutritional (SAN) from the perspective of social and economic sustainability, from the assistance of beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) at the State Centers for Family Living (CECFs) in Manaus/AM. With regard to methodological procedures, it is worth pointing out the definition of social research, as well as triangulation as a method conception adopted in this study, given the possibility of incorporating a set of information in the process of description, explanation and understanding of the object of study. The materialization of the data collection took place at the Pedro Vignola State Social Center (CECF) and at the Amazonas State Secretariat for Social Assistance (SEAS), more precisely at the Department of Basic Social Protection (DPSB). 26 (twenty-six) subjects participated in the research, 22 (twenty-two) beneficiaries and/or people with family members benefiting from the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) and 04 (four) workers linked to public social assistance and SAN policies. The instruments and techniques used in the data collection were the form with open and closed questions, applied to the beneficiaries, and the interview script, performed with the professionals. Among the main results of the research, the following stand out: the socioeconomic profile of the informants, being 68% female, 36% aged 60 or over, 36% with completed high school education and 18% with incomplete elementary education, 77% were born in the Amazon and 82% of them considered their diet to be healthy. Concerning the SAN map built based on information from the research subjects, it is emphasized that: 32% say they use the PBF resource with food; 45% have 03 to 04 daily meals; 59% consume more rice and beans; and 55% have family members with hypertension, in addition to other diseases. According to the informants, the value of the PBF income transfer has not been sufficient to maintain the beneficiaries food, among other reasons, due to the high prices of food in the capital of Amazonas, also pointing to the need to readjust the values PBF, since the use of this resource includes a set of expenses in addition to food. Regarding the implementation of public policies under analysis from the perspective of sustainability and intersectorality, the study identified: the insufficient number of professionals working in the public policies discussed; the professionals partial understanding of the public policy of SAN and its articulation with PNAS (2004), the minimum participation of professionals in activities related to SAN; and the recognition that the public policies in question are not yet fully operational from the perspective of sustainability.