Cuidados às populações indígenas com câncer: um guia digital para a enfermagem no contexto amazônico

Abstract

Objective: Development of a care guide in digital format for nursing professionals who provide care to indigenous populations with cancer in an oncology reference center in Amazonas. Material and Methods: This paper is a methodological study with a qualitative approach, being developed in two stages both necessary for the development of a technical and technological product, classified as didactic material. The first stage was carried out by descriptive field research with qualitative approach, to survey the care experiences of eighteen nursing professionals with indigenous populations in an oncology reference center in the State of Amazonas, being 06 nursing technicians and 12 nurses. Data was collected through the focus group technique, using three guiding questions, and the answers were recorded in audio files. The content was transcribed and forwarded for analysis using IRAMUTEQ software. The lexical analysis used was of the descending hierarchical classification type, and the textual corpus was built from data, organized according to the nursing professionals’ categories. For the construction of stage 2, where there was the elaboration of the didactic material: “Care for the indigenous population with cancer in the Amazonian context: a digital guide for nursing”, the answers obtained by the focus group, the survey of the best scientific evidence related to the indigenous populations and the foundation through decisions and actions of nursing care of Madeleine Leininger's Transcultural Theory supported the construction of the second stage. Results: From the analysis, 173 text segments emerged (48 from nursing technicians and 125 from nurses), where four dimensions were obtained that formed the chapters of the guide, divided into: Education, Care Policy/Care and Multidisciplinarity. Composed of 53 pages, introduced and finalized by a fictional comic book narrating the therapeutic path of an indigenous patient with cancer, accompanied by suggestions of initial reflections for transcultural and equitable nursing care in the search for the effectiveness of differentiated care for indigenous populations with cancer and actions for nursing care based on the levels of decisions according to Madaleine Leininger's transcultural theory. We sought to bring up-todate data on the indigenous population, the main public health policies related to these peoples, issues related to cancer in the indigenous population and notes on the importance of multidisciplinarity and aspects of nursing care. Conclusion: The study made it possible to understand the experiences of nursing professionals working in an oncology reference center and the development of a digital guide aimed at equitable and culturally based nursing care, grounded upon differentiated care for indigenous populations assisted in an oncology reference center in Amazonas and contributing to the promotion of initiatives that lead to the development of studies with indigenous populations with cancer in the Amazonian context.