Condição socioeconômica, apoio social, fatores psicossociais, comportamentos em saúde e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em adolescentes: um estudo de seguimento de 6 meses

Abstract

Evidence on the relationships between socioeconomic conditions, social support, psychosocial factors on adolescent’s health-related behaviours and their quality of life is scarce. This study assessed the relationships between socioecononic status (SES), social support, psychosocial factors, health-related behaviours and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents. A school-based six-month follow-up study involving 376 12-yearold adolescents was conducted in Manaus, Brazil. Baseline data included sociodemographic characteristics (sex, parental schooling, family income, household overcrowding and number of goods), social support, psychosocial factors (self-esteem, sense of coherence and oral health beliefs). Health related behaviours (toothbrushing frequency, sedentary behaviour, smoking and sugar consumption) and HRQoL were assessed at 6-month follow-up. Data was obtained through self-administered questionnaires. The relationships between variables were tested using structural equation modelling according to the WHO Social Determinants of Health model. The female sex represented 56.38% of the sample and the majority of the sample was from had low monthly family income families. Most of the parents The majority (71.8%) of those in charge reported having 8 to 11 years of schooling, residing predominantly residing in households with less than two residents per room. Greater social support (baseline) (β=0.30), higher SOC (baseline) (β=0.23), higher self-esteem (baseline) (β=0.23), higher toothbrushing frequency (follow-up) (β=0.14) and less smoking (follow-up) (β=-0.14) were directly linked with better HRQoL (follow-up). Socioeconomic status (SES) (baseline) (β=0.05), social support (baseline) (β=0.26), oral health beliefs (baseline) (β=-0.02) were indirectly linked to HRQoL (follow-up). Higher SES (baseline) directly predicted higher toothbrushing frequency (follow-up) (β=0.14) and less smoking (follow-up) (β=-0.22). Greater social support (baseline) also directly predicted higher SOC (baseline) (β=0.55), greater oral health beliefs (baseline) (β=-0.31) and higher self-esteem (baseline) (β=0.58). Greater social support (baseline) indirectly predicted less smoking (follow-up) [via oral health beliefs (baseline)] (β=-0.05) and less sugar consumption [(follow-up) via SOC] (baseline) (β=-0.07). Socioecononic status, social support and psychosocial factors were important predictors of adolescent’s health behaviours and HRQoL over 6-month period through direct and indirect mechanisms. Health related behaviours also directly influenced HRQoL.