Cidade, cultura e rede urbana: a influência do trabalho criativo dos artistas-artesãos de Parintins-AM na configuração multiescalar da rede urbana brasileira

Abstract

The main purpose of this dissertation is to understand how culture participate in the structuring of the urban network, from an empirical study of the Bois-bumbás from Parintins- Am. The main hypothesis is that culture contributes to the structuring of the urban network passing by different geographical scales. As auxiliary hypothesis, it is argued that Garantido and Caprichoso urban functions give the Parintins linking itself with the cities of the urban network of Solimões and Amazon rivers, as well as supra-regional urban networks. Considering the assumptions of the concept of cultural industry, held a roadmap of semiopen, whereby members and old fans of bumbás were interviewed, as well as 59 artists and craftsmen, 38 costumes (19 in each bumbá) and 21 from allegories (11 in Garantido and 10 in Caprichoso). It was also conducted field observations and the data were gathered in a Field Journal and attached to oral stories and literature sources. The analysis of the empirical universe could understand that bumbás emerged in the second decade of the twentieth century, in Parintins, marking the period known as "Bull Street", when these amusements played in backyards and out through the streets by staging the sale of the ox tongue. With the rivalry growing between the bumbás, which also influenced the morphology of the town, materializing in bodily conflict, the dispute has been transposed to the field of aesthetic competition in what is called the "Ox arena", establishing a new phase of the trajectory of bumbás, the "Ox show." This is the moment when the bumbás are integrated into the capitalist market setting, thus, efforts to professionalize the revelers and artists who were volunteers until 1990. This process has brought in its wake the planning series of artworks, as well as the transformation of the "Ox arena" to showcase these works, which marked the completion of free time and consequent wage human resources. This aesthetic improvement was consolidated with a hierarchy of artistic work in bumbás with allegories artist-craftsmen at the top, and costumes artists-craftsmen at the base. It is analyzes whether this hierarchy gives urban functions to Parintins, expressing, and simultaneously, feeding itself an urban hierarchy from activities such as production, distribution and asset management services and cultural events. There is still a labor-relations between artistic work Parintins sets and other cities of the non-hierarchical or complementarily at the regional level. It was found that, under the influence of the "Ox arena" as a showcase for labor-artwork, Parintins has strengthened its relations at the local, regional and extended to the supra-regional level, thus confirming the configuration and overlapping multiple networks generated by flows of artists in multiple geographic scales.