Prevalência de Síndrome da fragilidade em idosos da área urbana do município de Coari - Amazonas: um estudo de base populacional

Abstract

The aging population is growing, but occurs at different pace in the different brazilian regions. While the Brazilian aging index in 2010 was 26.54%, in State of Amazon was 9.79% and the elderly population was respectively 11.1% and 6.3% in 2008, according to data from PNAD. IBGE estimates show Brazil as the 6th largest population of seniors in the world in 2020. This phenomenon is responsible for the increased incidence of chronic diseases, physical or cognitive deficits and disabilities, creating greater need for care and expenses, quality loss life and increased hospitalizations. In this context the Frailty syndrome has been studied because of their clinical importance for reducing functional reserve with increased disability and vulnerability, associated with increased risk of loss of functionality, hospitalizations, falls and death. Our aim was to identify the prevalence of Frailty syndrome and associated factors in older. The study was populacion-based and evaluated 269 individuals aged 60 years or older who lived in urban area of the city of Coari, Amazonas. The subjects were selected by cluster sampling. Using the Fried criteria was considered frail those with 3 or more of the 5 criteria: low gait speed, grip strength reduction, feeling of exhaustion self-reported, low physical activity and unintentional weight loss. The sociodemographic variables were assessed using a multidimensional questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics using Chi-square test for association of variables with frailty. Multivariate analysis by Poisson regression was used dichotomous variables - frail and not frail, in hierarchical blocks of socio-demographic, health and functionality variables. Of the 269 participants 9.4% were classified as frail. Of multivariate analysis, the results indicate independent associations between frailty and: age (PR:4,12; CI95%: 1,82-9,33), lower income (PR:3.43 CI95% 1.7-6.91), masonry type housing (PR:3.31; CI95%: 1.34-8.24), having never lived in riverside community (PR:2.7; CI95%: 1.36-5.38), use of more than 3 medications (PR:3.10; CI95%: 1.39-6.9), at least one fall (PR:2.31; CI95%: 1.09-4,91) and some fear of falling (PR:4.14; CI95%: 1.32-12.96). In conclusion our study found the prevalence of frailty 9.4%, differing from other Brazilian cities with low HDI, being comparatively less, but within the range of others prevalence studies. The associated factors were similar to international studies, but the positive association between having lived in riverside community and frailty and negative association to masonry type housing are not studied factors, and therefore stand out for they possible relate to the lifestyle of the Amazon population. Keywords: elderly frail; old man; prevalence